Unfolding Narratives
Scrapbooks and Their Interactive Stories
Blog post by JMM intern Ash Turner. To read more posts from JMM interns, past and present, click here.
As I wrote a couple of blog posts ago, I’ve been mostly going through the collection’s scrapbooks, page by page, and registering them into the museum’s informational database. I had never learned about someone’s story simply through going through a scrapbook before. Sure, I’ve been shown scrapbooks when sitting down with family or friends, but never have I delved into someone’s own history and story simply by flipping through their hand-picked pages of memories.
Since I’m also an artist who enjoys making interactive stories, I wanted to talk today about the potential that scrapbooks have to create engaging narratives and interactive experiences. My personal reflections on the items, or objects (such as photos, letters, etc), placed in different scrapbooks hopefully can also be expanded and applied to creating educational material and telling history in a way different from textbooks.
So, without further ado, here are some elements that I’ve found in scrapbooks that are helpful to consider when creating any sort of story, whether it be educational or personal, a scrapbook or a piece of art.
Everyday Items – Revealing Untold Histories
Often in scrapbooks, small and forgotten everyday items are left in-between the pages of carefully placed photos and articles. I’ve found that many times these everyday items hold the most memorable facts. There’s a sense of time and place in these small items, because details that seem normal at the time may seem out of place decades later. These generational changes may not be something we were ever taught in history or social studies classes, although these small details still give a sense of what a time period was like.
These items or details are usually unintentionally included. Some types of significant, day-to-day details include:
1. Something placed in for a different reason, that includes additional interesting information.
For example, the most fun and interesting advertisements I’ve found are usually on the back of newspaper clippings and articles that someone intentionally placed in.
2. A pattern that emerges through the addition of normal cultural and social items or details.
For example, through reading countless news clippings and invitations, I’ve realized that once a woman was married in the U.S. (at least up until the 1960s or so), it meant the disappearance of her name in every public sense. Only her husband’s name preceded by “Mrs.” would be used in any public context (e.g. Mrs. Jacob Franken), including in invitations, letters, and even newspaper articles that celebrated a woman’s achievements. To me, this illustrated the cultural norm of the time, and showed how women were recognized (or more so, the lack of their recognition as individuals).
These leftover items might not be what were meant to be kept, but their design and information is what becomes so intriguing in a different place and time.
Choice of Items – Showing Personality and Creating Mood
The items that people choose to place inside a scrapbook, or what they choose as keepsakes, tells a lot about what they feel is meaningful enough to remember. Some people feel facts and documentation are more meaningful, and others feel more sentimental items are important for them to keep. Items placed in a scrapbook hint at the personality of the creator, as well as shape the mood of the book itself.
Some common types of items I came across in scrapbooks include:
1. Reports and documents
Many times I found these to be common in a scrapbook of an organization or association. These items may reveal the creator’s care for history, actions taken, and accomplishments. They tend to create an authoritative and serious mood or personality for the book, especially because they tend to be very organized.
2. Newspaper articles
I commonly found these in scrapbooks that heavily focused on someone’s achievements or historic milestones. These items sometimes reveal people as caring highly about themselves, and caring about their achievements. They tend to create an eventful and formal mood for the book, and when they are used heavily throughout, they can create a sort of proud or self-important tone as well.
3. Personal Memorabilia
Some personal items I’ve come across in scrapbooks include bows from the corsages given at dances, love letters, or stickers from college fraternities. I commonly found these items in scrapbooks of individuals, or of those young or growing up. These items may reveal that a person cherishes feelings or the enjoyment of life, and can show a person’s interests. These items usually create a sentimental or heartfelt mood for the book.
4. Tickets and Event Flyers
I commonly found these types of items in travel scrapbooks, or scrapbooks that focused on social engagements. These items reveal a care of seeing the world and being involved in culture and the arts. They many times include interesting graphics or illustrations, and so they create an excited and boisterous mood. However, depending on if the events or their locations are unusual, sometimes the mood created is mysterious and intriguing.
Interactivity in Items – Unfolding Narrative
Scrapbooks hold the most value because of their interactivity. How someone chooses to move around and read the pages of a scrapbook is up to them—they can skip certain parts, go searching for a certain section, or only pay attention to the pictures while ignoring the text. Many scrapbooks have the added interaction of being able to touch objects that are included, and the different feelings of each surface become an engaging tactile experience.
Within scrapbooks, I’ve found that interactivity can be achieved through:
1. Interactive Objects
I’ve found so many items in scrapbooks cleverly placed in different ways on pages. Sometimes, letters were folded just so, so that closed, everything fit on one page (such as in the picture above). But to read any of the letters, I would have to open things one by one, cascading through the different items. Envelopes were sometimes glued to a page, so that letters could be tucked inside and pulled out again. This need to handle the items and put them back in their rightful place made the experience more intimate and memorable.
2. Tactile Surfaces
Since scrapbooks must be touched to be used, a mix of different surfaces creates different experiences for the viewer. For example, a nicer item may include a velvety material, while other items may be old and crinkly to the touch.
3. Page Layout and Item Placement
The layout of a page can lead the viewer’s eyes, which ultimately creates the flow of narrative on a page. Is a certain item placed front and center, overlapping over other pieces of paper? If so, a viewer might only look at the centered item, and they must be curious enough to choose to look at the other items. Viewers can interact by just following the page layout, or they can interact through searching for information by themselves, creating their own pathway through the story.
4. Mystery and Missing Information
Strange or out-of-place items can pique a reader’s curiosity. For example, an unknown name, place, or event might be referenced on a page. Since a scrapbook is historical, sometimes there are other means of looking up this information, which might not be explained in the book. Strange, small details (such as a place, phrase, or brand) that seem weird to us or out of place today can be looked up online. Sometimes, leaving details out, or having information spread out on different pages, creates a reason for people to dive deeper into the book themselves to find out more. These missing items or facts can drive a viewer’s curiosity and create a level of self-driven engagement and exploration.
So, after all of this, what makes up a good scrapbook, or for that matter, a good story? Obviously, the content and objects found in a book are important, and so is the story that’s being told. But scrapbooks are filled with more than just photographs and information. Some contain newspaper articles, taped-in objects, small bits of writing, and letters. I found that it was the mix of different items and their personal touch that make scrapbooks and their history have so much depth. In a way, scrapbooks are similar to museum exhibitions—they contain a mix of informational text with personal and significant items to tell a specific story. They are curated, their items carefully selected by an individual or group, so that they can record a part of history. The main difference is that looking through a scrapbook can always be an individual or private experience, much like reading a book, rather than a public experience like visiting a museum.
It is really up to the readers in how they go through the pages, and what things they choose to touch or interact with. An extra layer of intimacy is created because of this self-direction. Some things are even not put on display in a scrapbook, unlike most exhibits—some things are tucked or hidden away between pages, sometimes there are missing photos or captions. When this happens, only through self-driven curiosity and exploration do readers reveal more of the story. This addition of mystery and interactivity is what really makes a scrapbook shine. When an engaging experience is added to nostalgic items, when there is a mood that is created throughout every aspect of a story, people tend to take those memories and experiences with them.